Types of Foundation Cracks and What They Mean

Foundation cracks are a common concern for homeowners, often sparking worry about potential structural issues. 

Many people first notice these cracks but aren't sure whether they indicate a serious problem. 

Understanding the types of foundation cracks and their implications is crucial to maintaining a safe and stable home. 

At Loyalist Waterproofing, we want to help. Identifying foundation cracks early can prevent larger, and more complicated problems down the line. 

To help homeowners identify the issue and understand when to call in the experts, we’ve put together this blog detailing foundation cracks and what they mean. 

Why Foundation Cracks Happen

There are several reasons why foundation cracks can happen. The most common include:

Natural Settling of the Home

As homes age, they undergo a natural settling process. This occurs as the soil beneath adjusts to the weight of the structure. 

While minor cracks from settling are often not serious, they should be monitored to ensure they don't develop into larger issues.

Water Pressure and Poor Drainage

Water buildup around the foundation due to poor drainage can create significant pressure on foundation walls. 

This hydrostatic pressure can lead to cracks, as the walls are pushed inward. 

Installing proper drainage systems, at the exterior of the foundation and sump pumps are crucial to mitigate this risk and protect the foundation.

Soil Shifting or Erosion

Soil conditions play a major role in foundation stability. 

Heavy rains, droughts, or freeze/thaw cycles can cause soil to shift or erode, leading to foundation movement. 

This shifting can result in various types of cracks, depending on the direction and extent of the movement. 

Regularly assessing the soil and maintaining proper landscaping can help prevent these issues.

Temperature Changes

Seasonal temperature fluctuations cause materials to expand and contract. This cyclical movement can stress the foundation, leading to cracks over time. 

Types of Foundation Cracks and What They Mean

Before you take action on a foundation crack, it is helpful to understand the crack type and its severity to ensure you get the right professional support. 

Hairline Cracks

Hairline cracks are common in new homes as they settle. They are often surface level cracks. And while they are considered minor, they should be monitored closely.

Over time, hairline foundation cracks can widen and allow water to seep into the foundation, potentially leading to moisture problems inside the home. 

Vertical Cracks

The natural settling of a home can cause vertical cracks. 

These cracks are often less serious than others and can be managed with methods to seal the crack and prevent intrusion. Regular monitoring is still required to ensure the crack does not get worse. 

Diagonal Cracks

Diagonal cracks can be caused by uneven settling or soil movement beneath the foundation. 

The width and angle of the diagonal cracks can vary. They may require reinforcement to ensure continued stability. On top of reinforcement, it is important to determine whether the underlying cause is ongoing. Addressing the cause can prevent future cracks. 

Horizontal Cracks

Horizontal foundation cracks are the most serious. 

They indicate significant pressure from water-saturated soil against the foundation walls. These cracks suggest structural issues that need to be addressed right away as they can compromise the integrity of the entire foundation. 

If you have horizontal cracks, reach out to a professional for foundation repair before you experience further damage. 

Stair-Step Cracks (in Brick or Block Walls)

These cracks follow the mortar joints in brick or block walls, in a pattern that looks like a staircase. 

They are a sign that the foundation has moved or settled. 

A professional assessment is necessary to determine the severity of the cracks and the appropriate repair strategy. It may be necessary to reinforce or underpin the foundation to maintain stability. 

Why Early Professional Assessment Matters

Addressing foundation cracks early on can help maintain your home’s structural health and integrity, helping you avoid costly repairs. 

Preventing Escalation

If left unchecked, small cracks can expand. Stressors like settling, soil movement, and temperature changes can turn small cracks into major problems. 

As they grow, cracks can compromise the integrity of the foundation and cause extensive damage which, in turn, can lead to costly repairs. 

Early intervention can stop the progression and save you time and money. 

Moisture Intrusion

The last thing you need is moisture in your home. Cracks in the foundation can allow water to seep into the home, creating mould growth and wood rot. It can even damage interior finishes. 

Waterproofing the cracks can prevent moisture and protect your home and its air quality. 

This proactive approach not only prevents damage but also enhances the home’s durability and longevity.

Structural Integrity

Ignoring cracks can be dangerous. They can compromise the safety and stability of your entire home.

A professional assessment can identify any underlying structural issues, allow for the proper repairs, and keep your home safe. 

How Loyalist Waterproofing Repairs Foundation Cracks

Loyalist Waterproofing offers a host of foundation repair and maintenance services to ensure your home is safe and comfortable. 

We will come to your property, assess the damage. From there, we will develop a customized plan, built to your specific needs. The exact repair techniques we use will depend on the size of the project. 

Generally, we will excavate to the base of the footing, filling the crack from top to bottom. After the crack has been repaired and cured, we apply a sealant and install an air gap water barrier membrane to ensure drainage. We will then partially backfill with clean gravel and cover with a geotextile. Then, we finish the backfill using the existing fill. 

We take pride in our work and are always available to answer questions and concerns at any time during or after the repair process. And with our Lifetime Transferable Warranty, you can be sure that if you experience further problems, we will be there to address them. 

Call Loyalist Waterproofing to Address Foundation Cracks Today

Early action on foundation cracks can save money and protect your home from more serious issues down the line. 

Don't wait for small cracks to become big problems. 

Contact Loyalist Waterproofing today for a professional foundation inspection and repair recommendation, ensuring peace of mind and long-term stability for your home.